Objective: To probe into the pathogenesis

diagnosis and treatment process of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) induced by long-term use of sodium valproate (VPA) in children

so as to improve the awareness of clinicians. Methods: Clinical data of SIADH induced by long-term use of VPA in a child with TBC1D24 gene mutation-related epilepsy were summarized. “ Sodium valproate” and “ syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion” were used as keywords to perform literature search and analysis in CNKI and PubMed databases. Results: The 12-year-old child took VPA for TBC1D24 gene mutation-related epilepsy for a long time

and was admitted into the hospital for epilepsy accompanied by consciousness disorder. Severe hyponatremia was found in the later stage of hospitalization

and the blood sodium level did not return to normal state after symptomatic treatment such as 3% sodium chloride

fluid restriction

and diuresis. The serum sodium level returned to normal state after VPA dose reduction. After excluding other causes that may induce hyponatremia

the diagnosis of SIADH induced by VPA was confirmed. Multiple outpatient follow-up monitoring showed that the serum sodium level was normal. A total of 7 related case reports were collected after searching the databases

and serum sodium levels returned to normal state after VPA was reduced in 10 adult patients. Conclusion: When children develop refractory hyponatremia after long-term use of VPA

SIADH induced by VPA should be considered

and the treatment regimen should be adjusted in time to avoid severe adverse events.